Ryta Łagocka, Marta Rogocka, Mateusz Granat, Katarzyna Jakubowska, Andrzej Pawlik, Małgorzata Mazurek Mochol
Bis-GMA monomer elution from modern resin-based composites – preliminary in vitro study
2022-08-29
Subject of research. Resin-based composites (RBCs) are widely used in conservative dentistry. They have several positive features, such as mechanical and aesthetic properties, and relatively low polymerization shrinkage. Nevertheless, the polymerization of modern composite materials results in a conversion rate of 55-80% and thus the presence of free monomers in the polymer network.
Aim of the study. The study aimed to quantify the release of Bis-GMA monomer from various composite materials as a result of elution under conditions similar to those in the oral cavity.
Material and Methods. The study evaluates the elution of Bis-GMA monomer from seven modern composite materials with different matrix compositions (Brillant Flow (I), SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable (II), Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill (III), Evetric (IV), Estelle ∑ Quick (V), Filtek Z550 Nano Hybrid Universal Restorative (VI), Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative (VII)) into distilled water and 75% ethanol solution. The concentrations of the monomer were measured using the HLPC method (Agilent Technologies 1200 Series) after 24 h.
Results. None of the tested materials leached Bis-GMA monomer into the water solution after the 24-hour incubation period. The highest concentration of eluted Bis-GMA in 75% ethanol solution was found in samples V and II, with 43,93 µg*mL-1 and 34,84 µg*mL-1 respectively. In other samples, the concentrations observed were three to four times lower. Furthermore, a low concentration of eluted Bis-GMA could be found in materials VI and VII (1.43 µg*mL1 and 0,33 µg*mL-1 respectively), although not mentioned in the MSDS provided by the manufacturer.
Conclusions. The elution of the Bis-GMA residual monomer depended on the resin composition. The monomer was released in higher concentration from materials based on Bis-GMA/TEGDMA organic matrix composition. The addition of other, modern hydrophobic monomers reduced the release of Bis-GMA from RBC, regardless of the percentage of the inorganic filler ratio. Bis-GMA monomer elution depends on the solvent used. No Bis-GMA was detected in distilled water eluates.
Even though the manufacturer specifies the composition of the RBC material, an independent assessment of its toxicity should be carried out.
Keywords: Bis-GMA, monomer elution, HPLC, Bulk-Fill, resin-based composite.
© Farm Pol, 2022, 78(6): 317–325